Hormones of the Anterior & Posterior Pituitary
Hormone
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Secreted by
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Releasing Hormone (stimulates secretion)
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Inhibiting hormone (suppresses secretion)
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Human growth hormone (hGH) or somatotropin (191aminoacid)
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Somatotrophs
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Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH) or somatocrinin (44A.A)
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Growth hormone inhibiting hormone (GHIH) or somatostain (14AA)
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin
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Thyrotrophs
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Thyrotropin releasing hormone(tripeptide)
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Growth hormone inhibiting hormone somatostatin
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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Gonadotrophs
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Gonadotrophic releasing Hormone (decapeptide)
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-
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Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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Gonadotrophs
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Gonadotrophic releasing hormone
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-
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Prolactin (PRL) (198aminoacid)
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Lactotrophs
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Prolactin releasing hormone
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Prolactin inhibiting hormone or dopamine
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or corticotrophin
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Corticotrophs
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Corticotropin releasing hormone (41aminoacids)
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-
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Mealanocyte-stimulating Hormone (191aminoacid)
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Corticotrophs
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Corticotropin releasing hormone
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Dopamine
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Hormone and Its Principle Actions
Hormone
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Principle Actions
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Human growth hormone (hGH) or somatotropin
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Stimulates liver, muscle, cartilage, bone, and other tissues to synthesize and secrete insulin like growth factors. (IGF’s); IGFs promote growth of body cells, protein synthesis, tissue repair, lipolysis, and elevation of blood glucose concentration.
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Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) or thyrotropin
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Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormones by thyroid gland
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Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
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In females, initiates development of oocytes and induces ovarian secretion of estrogens. In males stimulates testes to produce sperm.
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Luteinizing hormone (LH)
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In females, stimulates secretion of estrogens and progesterone, ovulation and formulation of corpus luteum. In males, stimulates interstitial cells in testes to develop and produce testosterone.
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Prolactin (PRL) more active in presence of oxytocin
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Together with other hormones, promotes milk secretion by the mammary glands.
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Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) or corticotrophin
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Stimulates secretion of glucocorticoids (mainly coritsol) by adrenal cortex.
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Melanocyte-stimulating hormone
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Exact role in humans is unknown but may influence brain activity, when present in excess, can cause darkening of skin.
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Oxytocin (OT)
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Stimulates contraction of smooth muscle cells of uterus during childbirth; stimulates contraction of myoepithelial cells in mammary glands to cause milk ejection.
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Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) or vasopressin
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Conserves body water by decreasing urine volume; decreases water loss through perspiration; raises blood pressure by constricting arterioles.
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