Tobacco
Pyridine-piperidine alkaloid.
Dried leaves of Nicotiana tobacum, Solanaceae.
Constituents - Pyridine-piperidine type alkaloids like Nicotine. Nornicotine & anabasine.
Use - Stimulant effect on heart & nervous system, tobacco & nicotine are known insecticides.
Belladonna
Tropane alkaloid.
Dried leaves & flowering tops of Atropa belladonna, Solanaceae.
Constituents Atropine, l-hyoscyamine, scopolamine, hyoscine, belladonine, scopoletin.
Use -Anticholinergic, antispasmodic, Antisecretory, mydriasis effect, CNS stimulant. Antimuscarinic agent, used as antidote in opium & chloral hydrate poisoning.
Hyoscyamus
Tropane alkaloid.
Dried leaf & flowering top of Hyoscyamus niger, Solanaceae.
Constituents - l-hyoscyamine, hyoscine.
Use -Anticholinergic , antispasmodic, expectorant, antiasthmatic.
Datura herb
Tropane alkaloid.
Dried leaves & flowering tops of Datura metel var. fastuosa, Datura alba, Solanaceae.
Constituents -Hyoscine (Scopolamine), l-hyoscyamine (scopoline), atropine.
Use -Anticholinergic, in duodenal ulcers, in treatment of asthma & cough.
Coca
Tropane alkaloid.
Dried leaves of Erythroxylon coca, Erythroxylon truxillense, Erythroxylaceae.
Constituents -Cocaine, cinnamyl-cocaine, α-truxilline.
Use - Local anesthetic.
Withania (Ashwagandha)
Steroidal alkaloid.
Dried roots of Withania somnifera, Solanaceae.
Constituents -Withanine, somniferine, withanolide (steroid), somnine, somnferinine, anahydrine.
Use - Sedative & also as antirheumatic, it has hypotensive, respiratory, stimulant actions along with bradycardia.
Cinchona
Quinoline alkaloid.
Dried root/stem bark of Cinchona calisaya, C. officinalis, C. ledgeriana, C. succirubra, Rubiaceae.
Constituents -Quinine, quinidine, cinchonine, cinchonidine.
Use - Antimalarial, bitter tonic.
Ipecac
Isoquinoline alkaloid.
Roots & rhizomes of Cephaelis ipecacuanha & C. acuminata, Rubiaceae.
Constituents -Emetine, cephaeline.
Use - Antiamoebic, emetic, expectorant.
Opium
Isoquinoline alkaloid.
Dried latex from the capsules of Papaver somniferum, Papaveraceae.
Constituents -Morphine, codeine, narcotine (noscapine) and papaverine, thevaine.
Use - Narcotic analgesic, in diarrhea Codeine as antitussive Ergot.
Indole alkaloid
A fungal sclerotium of Claviceps purpurea in ovary of rye plant Secale cereale.
Family of fungus-Clavicipitaceae, family of rye Graminae.
Constituents -Ergometrine, ergotamine, ergosterol, fungisterol, histamine, tyramine, chitin.
Use - Oxytocic, prevents postpartum haemorrhage; used in treat of migraine.
Rauwolfia
Indole alkaloid.
Roots & rhizomes of Rauwolfia serpentina, Apocynaceae.
Constituents - Reserpine, rescinnamine, ajmaline, ajmalicine, rauwolfinine, reserpinine, yohimbine, serpentine, serpentinine.
Use - Hypotensive, tranquilliser, antihypertensive, used in mild anxiety condition.
Vinca
Indole alkaloid
Entire plant of Catharanthus roseus, Apocynaceae.
Constituents -Vincristine, vinblastine, ajmalicine, lochnerine, serpentine, tetrahydroalstonine.
Use -Anticancer (treat of hodgkin’s disease & leukemia), also exhibits hypotensive & antidiabetic actions.
Nuxvomica
Indole alkaloid.
Seeds of Strychnos nux vomica Linn., Loganiaceae.
Constituents -Strychnine, brucine, vomicine, α-colubrine, strychnicine, pseudostrychnine.
Use - CNS stimulant, bitter, stomachic, tonic, Very toxic plant, appetite stimulant in small doses.
Physostigma
Indole alkaloid.
Seeds of Physostigma venonosum, Loganiaceae or leguminosae.
Constituents - Physostigmine, physovenine, eseramine, geneserine, calabatine, calabasine.
Use - Cholinergic, (opthalmic) in glaucoma, anticholinesterase agent.
Pilocarpus
Imidazole alkaloid.
Leaves of the closely related plant of the genus Pilocarpus like Pilocarpus jaborandi, Rutaceae.
Constituents -Pilocarpine, isopilocarpine, pilocarpidine, pilosine.
Use - It is a physiological antagonist of atropine, used in ophthalmic practice for the treatment of glaucoma.
Veratrum
Steroidal alkaloids.
Dried rhizomes of Veratrum album & V. viride, Liliaceae.
Constituents -Germidine, protoveratrine A & B, veratrine, germitrine, cevadine, pseudojervijne, veratrosine.
Use - Hypotensive, cardiac depressant.
Kurchi
Steroidal alkaloids.
Dried bark of Holarrhena antidysenterica, Apocynaceae.
Constituents - Conessine, isoconessine, norconessine, dioxyconessine, connessimine, holarrhimine.
Use - Antiamoebic, antiprotozoal activity.
Ephedra
Amino alkaloid (Proto-alkaloid).
Dried stems of Ephedra gerardiana, E. equisetina, E. sinica etc., Gnetaceae (Ephedraceae).
Constituents -Ephedrine, nor-ephedrine, pseudoephedrine (alkaloidal amines).
Use - Sympathomimetic, antiasthmatic, treat of hay fever, as bronchodilator in asthma.
Solanum khasianum
Steroidal glyco alkaloid.
Dried berries of solanum khasianum C.B. Clarke, Solanaceae.
Constituents -Solasodine.
Use - Solasodine is used as a precursor for steroidal synthesis. It is related to sex hormones, oral contraceptives.
Tea
Purine alkaloid.
Leaves & leaf buds of Thea sinensis, Theaceae.
Constituents - Caffeine, theobromine, theoromine, theophylline.
Constituents - Caffeine, theobromine, theoromine, theophylline.
Use - CNS stimulant & diuretic.
Colchicum
Amino alkaloid (Proto-alkaloid).
Seed & corm of Colchicum autumnale, Colchicum luteum Baker, Liliaceae.
Constituents -Colchicine, Demecolcine.
Use - Treat of gout, induction of polyploidy, also posses antitumour activity.
Coffee
Purine alkaloid.
Dried ripe seeds of Coffea Arabica, Rubiaceae.
Constituents -Caffeine, trigonelline.
Use - Stimulant & diuretic action, to counter effect over dosage of CNS depressant.
Aconite
Amino alkaloid (Proto-alkaloid).
Dried roots of Aconitum napellus, Aconitum ferox, Ranunculaceae.
Constituents - Aconitine, neopelline, hypaconitine, napelline, neoline.
Use - It is highly poisonous drug. Used externally in treat of neuralgia, rheumatism, sciatica & inflammation.
